KERUNTUHAN JEMBATAN AKIBAT KEGAGALAN PELAT BUHUL PADA SAMBUNGAN JEMBATAN RANGKA BAJA (Studi Kasus: Jembatan I-35W MISSISIPI)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32722/pt.v17i1.1102Abstract
ABSTRACT
The collapse of Minnesota Bridge number 9340 or I-35W bridge on August 1, 2007, is indeed surprising considering the maintenance of the bridge conducted regularly. The bridge was designed in the early 1960s using AASHO "Standard Specification for Highway Bridges" 1961 edition with the allowable stress method. Materials used HSLA (high-strength low-alloy) steel. The data on the I-35W bridge obtained from the NTSB (National Transportation Safety Board) report. The analysis to identify the cause of the collapse of the I-35W bridge derived from the results of a review of previous research.
The method of analysis referred to is a simple method of Holt and Hartman (2008), FEM by Hao (2010), Liao (2010), and Lora (2013).
The finding of the I-35W bridge indicates that the cause is due to the lack of U10 gusset plate capacity, because the thickness of the gusset plate at the joint is the other thinnest gusset plate and its failure due to buckling, and the condition of the gusset plate has been deformation in the construction period. The further adds a substantial buckling.
The result of evaluation using simple and FEM method proves that the gusset plate capacity of the U10 joint is inadequate so that the gusset plate overstressed. The collapse pattern of the gusset plate at the U10 joint has similarities between the analysis with FEM and the damage of the real bridge.
Keyword: Steel truss bridge, joint, gusset plate
ABSTRAK
Keruntuhan jembatan Minnesota no. 9340 atau jembatan I-35W pada 1 Agustus 2007 sangat mengejutkan mengingat perawatan jembatan ini dilakukan teratur secara berkala. Jembatan ini didesain pada awal tahun 1960an menggunakan peraturan AASHO “Standard Specification for Highway Bridges” edisi 1961 dengan metode tegangan ijin. Material yang digunakan baja mutu tinggi HSLA (high-strength low-alloy). Data-data mengenai jembatan I-35W diperoleh dari laporan NTSB (National Transportation Safety Board). Sedangkan analisis untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab keruntuhan jembatan I-35W diperoleh dari hasil kajian dari penelitian terdahulu. Metode analisis yang diacu adalah metode sederhana dari Holt dan Hartman (2008), metode FEM oleh Hao (2010), Liao (2010), dan Lora (2013).
Hasil analisis terhadap keruntuhan jembatan I-35W menunjukkan bahwa penyebab keruntuhan disebabkan kapasitas pelat buhul U10 yang kurang karena ketebalan pelat buhul pada sambungan tersebut paling tipis dibanding pelat buhul yang lain dan keruntuhannya akibat tegangan tekuk yang besar, serta kondisi pelat buhul sudah mengalami deformasi pada saat masa pengkonstruksian. Hal ini makin menambah tekuk yang besar.
Hasil evaluasi dengan metode sederhana maupun FEM membuktikan bahwa kapasitas pelat buhul pada sambungan U10 tidak memadai sehingga pelat buhul mengalami overstress. Pola keruntuhan pelat buhul pada sambungan U10 mempunyai kesamaan antara analisis dengan FEM dengan kerusakan jembatan aslinya.
Kata Kunci: Jembatan rangka baja, sambungan, pelat buhul
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