Noise Impact of Southgate Phase-2 Construction Project to the Settlement at Perumahan Tanjung Mas, Tanjung Barat

Construction activities can increase noise that gives an impact on the people who live nearby. The impact of noise can cause psychological and physiological disorders. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of the noise level of the Southgate Phase-2 project for citizen activities at PerumahanTanjung Mas, Tanjung Barat. It is based on regulatory standards in KEPMEN LH no. 48 of 1996, KEPGUB DKI Jakarta no. 551 of 2001, and the LNP standard according to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development. The methods are doing observation and survey by using a questionnaire to find out the project situation and the noise level produced by using a sound level meter measuring instrument. The result shows that people feel discomfort from the noise of the project, especially at night. Most of the noise measurement result exceeds the noise quality standard and its effects up to 50 meters away from the noise source. The point which is about 5 meters away from the noise source is 63.73 dB (A) and point which is about 50 meters away from the noise source is 59.89 dB (A). Based on the results of the regression equation shows that houses within 120 meters of the project impacted by the noise that exceeds the noise quality standards for the residential area. The most complaints given by people of PerumahanTanjung Mas were feeling discomfort in daily activities (79%), and sleeping trouble (60%).


INTRODUCTION
Based on the Rancangan Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah DKI Jakarta 2017-2020, there are plans to provide an apartment for 14,564 units. This is the government's effort to meet the occupancy backlog that occurred in 2016 as many as 302,319 units. Several projects in Jakarta flats built adjacent to settlements that impacts to the surrounding environment, such as noisy. Noise is an unwanted sound from activity at a certain level and time that can cause disturbance to human health and environmental comfort. Noise pollution in urban areas is the most serious type of environmental pollution after air and water pollution (Concha, 2004). The results of Dewanty and Sudarmadji's research (2016) say that noise pollution in urban areas is generally generated from road traffic, construction and commercial activities of industries, airports, and residential areas. Noise arising during the construction phase are usually sourced from heavy equipment and machinery is used, it could lead to increased noise and disturbing the surrounding area. Impact mitigation can be carried out at three handling points, namely at the source, at the propogation path, and at the point of receiving the impact (Beanlands and Duinker, 1983).
Perumahan Tanjung Mas at Tanjung Barat is adjacent to a variety of noise sources, namely from highways, train stations, and construction projects. This can cause noise intensity in the housing to be very large. According to Djalante (2010), people who are exposed to noise can tolerate the noise depending on the activities that they are doing, the amount of noise intensity, and the duration of exposure to the noise intensity. People who are exposed to noise for a long time and to a certain degree can disrupt the psychological condition and health of the community (Bell et al, 2001). Noise can cause psychological disorders, communication disorders, and physiological disorders. Psychological disorders in the form of discomfort in activities, easy emotions, loss of concentration, and so on (Preiser, 1988). Communication disorders such as difficulty hearing the conversations of others when communicating. Physiological disorders such as headache or dizziness, insomnia, muscle tension, and so on (Plessis, 2002 In a previous study, entitled Tingkat Kebisingan di Kawasan Permukiman Sekitar PLTD Muara Teweh discusses the influence of noise on the activities of people in settlements bordering the PLTD Muara Teweh (Hasanah and Maharso, 2016). But in this study discusses the effect of noise on the activities of people in settlements bordering the building construction project. This research can provide information to the government, service providers, and construction service users about the effect of construction project noise on the comfort of citizen's activities in PerumahanTanjung Mas.

METHODS
This research was conducted at Perumahan Tanjung Mas adjacent to the SGP2 Project site at Tanjung Barat [ Figure 1]. The method used in this study are observation methods and survey methods. The observation method used is measuring noise on five points at Perumahan Tanjung Mas. The five points have different distances to the noise source (the barrier of SGP2 Project), the distance of the first point to the noise source is 150 meters away, the second point 50 meters away, the third point 5 meters away, the fourth point 20 meters away, and the fifth point 100 meters away. This noise measurement used a tool a sound level meter (SLM) as a noise measurement tool, a tripod as a tool to maintain the stability of the SLM, and a stopwatch. SLM works by sending sound waves through the microphone and then converted into electrical signals which arise on the display as a result of noise measurement (dB). This measurement refers to the method regulated in KEPMENLH no. 48 of 1996, by using a simple measurement method with regular SLM to measure the sound pressure level dB (A) for 10 minutes for each measurement with readings performed every 5 seconds. The time measurements were carried out for 24 hours (LSM), daytime levels for 16 hours (LS) at 6:00 a.m. to 22:00 and evenings for 8 hours (LM) at the time of 22:00 to 6:00.
The survey method in this study is using a questionnaire that contains questions about the responses from the residents about the noise from the SGP2 Project. The sampling method using a Purposive Random Sampling, which is a sampling technique that picks the sample randomly without considering the stratum in the population, but the determination of the sample is based on certain considerations.  After obtaining the value of LSM on weekdays and weekends, the results are processed by the SPPS application to find out the relationship between variables using regression and correlation tests (Hikmatullah and Putra, (n.d.). The noise intensity as the dependent variable, and the point distance to the noise source as the independent variable. Then test the descriptive data for the known value of a standard deviation.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Noise calculation results are divided into two methods, based on KEPMENLH no. 48 of 1996 and the calculation of the LNP (Noise Pollution Index). First, based on the calculation method according to KEPMENLH no. 48 of 1996, 3 points exceeded the noise quality standard, there was the third point which is 5 meters from the noise source, the fourth point which is 20 meters from the noise source, and the second point which is 50 meters from the noise source. The intensity of noise on weekdays can be seen in Figure 2 and on holidays can be seen in Figure 3. Both figures show the relation between noise intensity and the point distance to the noise source. If the distance from the point to the noise source was further, the noise intensity at that point was getting smaller, and vice versa. Figure 4 shows the measurement result of the noise intensity on weekdays, and Figure 5 for measurement result on weekends. Based on both figures, the third point, the fourth point, and the fifth point, at each measurement time mostly exceed the noise quality standard.
In Figure 4, the relation between noise intensity and time of noise measurement on weekdays has an irregular pattern. Because on weekdays the casting work started at 16:00 -22:00, so at night it didn't show a decrease in noise intensity. Based on Figure 4, the relation between noise intensity and time of measurement on weekends also has an irregular pattern, but the noise intensity decreased at all points at 16:00 -19:00. Because the project activities have stopped at 18:00 on weekends, so most of the noise intensity at each point was below the noise quality standard after 18:00. Noise at that time was only the sound of vehicles passing around the measurement location. So the conclusion is, the noise intensity with the time of measurement noise didn't indicate a relationship. Furthermore, based on the LNP calculation method on weekends at the third point has a value that exceeds the tolerance limit of the community ( Table 2) of 74.88 dB as you can see in Figure 6. On weekdays the LNP value at each point is still within the limits of community tolerance. So the conclusion is, most of the residents can tolerate the noise due to the SGP2 Project, and only the residents who live nearby the third point can't tolerate the noise. However, these results do not correspond with the results of the questionnaire.
The results of respondent's responses based on the questionnaire showed that all respondents felt that the sound generated by the SGP2 Project was noisy, as many as 77% of respondents experienced psychological disorders that were disturbed or uncomfortable in their activities, as many as 60% of respondents experienced physiological disorders in the form of insomnia, and as many as 77% of respondents wanted the noise around their home decrease. These results are consistent with the results of the study "Tingkat Kebisingan di Kawasan Permukiman Sekitar PLTD Muara Teweh" i.e respondents exposed to noise ≤70 dB(A) were mostly uncomfortable and had difficulty sleeping (Hasanah and Maharso, 2016). In this study, there are other findings data that most of the respondents complained about the dust was increasing at their houses, so that some respondents were suffering from diseases generated by dust, including ISPA, cough, and DHF. People exposed to cement dust can get cough, narrowing of the respiratory tract, and other respiratory diseases (Croome and Mashrae, 1977). Others complained about the styrofoam material was flying into the roof of the respondent's house, which caused the rainwater to clog, and complained about vibration from project activities that caused cracks in the resident's houses at the finishing part.
The result of the correlation test showed a strong relationship between the noise intensity variable (dependent variable) with the distance variable (independent variable). The relation has a nondirectional relationship, it means the further the distance from the point to the noise source, the less noise intensity at that location. Based on the regression test results, obtained the following equation: The calculating result based on Equation 8, shows that houses within 120 meters of the barrier of the SGP2 Project exposed to noise that exceeds the noise quality standard for residential areas according to KEPMENLH no. 48 of 1996 that is 55 dB (A), you can see the result of this equation in Figure 7. It means, due to the noise from the SGP2 Project, about 30% of the Perumahan Tanjung Mas area was exposed to noise more than 55 dB (A).
Based on the discussion, the noise generated from the SGP2 Project disturbed the comfort of the residents and made them difficult to sleep at night because the project activities were still working until 22:00. The noise also impacts up to a distance of 120 meters from the SGP2 Project.There are several ways to reduce noise, such as place the activities that cause noise at the busy hour, and replace the barrier material with a material that can reduce noise up to 15 dB (A), such as a 9.5 mm gypsum plasterboard. The people who live nearby the project site, can reduce the noise by plant grass and trees in their yard. When the surface of the earth covered with soil, grass, or tree, it will be quite significant to absorb the sound that propagates, so the sound at that point will get weaker (Mediastika, 2005). Shade plants such as the Angsana and Glodogan trees are used to absorb pollutants chemically and as a noise absorber. It also can reduce the cost of investment and as a green open space (Sharp and Jenning, 1988).

CONCLUSION
The impact of SGP2 Project construction is the noise that exceeds the quality standard according to KEPMENLH no. 48 of 1996 and KEPGUB DKI Jakarta no. 551 in 2001, which is 55 dB (A). About 30% of the total PerumahanTanjung Mas area exposed to the noise of more than 55 dB (A). Based on the results of the questionnaire, it affects the activities of residents, most respondents feel disturbed or uncomfortable and have trouble sleeping. The relevant regulation for the SGP2 Project about noise quality standards is KEPMENLH no. 48 of 1996 and KEPGUB DKI Jakarta no. 551 of 2001. This study can provide information to the government, service users, and construction service providers about the effect of noise caused at the construction stage for the surrounding settlements. In this study, the authors have limited time in collecting data. For further research, it is recommended to study other variables that affect noise intensity and discuss other impacts of construction project activities, such as air quality.